Linux Administration

Assuming that you have already created a physical volume ==> volume group. If not then click here..... Now firstly create a logical volume. Check the free space in your volume group by firing a command in terminal as vgdisplay VOLUMEGROUP NAME. [root@sunny ~]# vgdisplay vg_sunny   --- Volume group ---   VG Name               vg_sunny   System ID                Format                lvm2   Metadata Areas        1   Metadata Sequence No  3   VG Access             read/write   VG Status             resizable   MAX LV                0   Cur LV                2   Open LV               2   Max PV ...

Create Logical Volume Firstly check the free space in your HDD: [root@sunny ~]# parted GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/vda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print free                                                        Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vda: 16.1GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system     Flags         32.3kB  1049kB  1016kB            Free Space  1  ...

Creating and activating a SWAP partition Check for any free space that is available in your HDD. [root@sunny ~]# parted GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/vda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) print free                                                       Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vda: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system     Flags         32.3kB  1049kB  1016kB            Free Space  1      1049kB  525MB   524MB   primary   ext4            boot  2      525MB   4720MB  4194MB  prima...

Harddisk : It is a storage device which is used to store any kind of data, Currently there are two types of HDD available in market: SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment). PATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment). So the basic command to check your file system structure is fdisk -l, it will show you list of your harddisk's partition table. For more information on this you can see its man page by firing a command as man fdisk. Usually when a hard disk is inserted in a machine it acts like a file and is stored in /dev partition. So suppose that there are 3 hard disk in your machine then there naming convention would be /dev/sda (for the first HDD), /dev/sdb (for the second HDD), /dev/sdc (for the third HDD). parted : Stands for GNU Parted - a partition manipulation program, it is  a  disk  partitioning  and  partition resizing program.  It allows you to create, destroy, resize, move and copy ext2,  linux-swap,FAT,  FAT32,...

LVM is a logical volume manager for the Linux kernel, it manages disk drives and similar mass-storage devices. The term "volume" refers to a disk drive or partitions. LVM is suitable for: Managing large hard disk farms by letting you add disks, replace disks, copy and share contents from one disk to another without disrupting service (hot swapping). On small systems (like a desktop at home), instead of having to estimate at installation time how big a partition might need to be in the future, LVM allows you to resize your disk partitions easily as needed. Making backups by taking "snapshots." Creating single logical volumes of multiple physical volumes or entire hard disks, allowing for dynamic volume resizing. One can think of LVM as a thin software layer on top of the hard disks and partitions, which creates an illusion of continuity and ease-of-use for managing hard-drive replacement, repartitioning, and backup. Features of LVM: Resize ...

In Linux the file system is based on one root directory, or hierarchical top point with subdirectories below it. In which each sub-directories has its own importance like some act as mount points, some for log messages, some for all hardware devices etc. You can find a brief description of all the directories and sub directories below: / : Its the top most directory in any of the Unix based system. /bin : Essential command binaries that need to be available in single user mode; for all users, e.g. , cat, ls, cp. / boot : Boot loader files, e.g. , kernels, initrd etc. /dev : Information of all the hardware devices. /etc : All the config files. /home : Home directories of all the users in a particular machine. /media : Mount points for removable media such as USB, CD etc. /mnt : For temporary mount points. /opt : Optional software packages like openoffice etc. /root : Home directory of root user. /sbin : System binaries like init, ip etc. /tmp : Temporary files. Ofte...